AAU-ETD :: Browsing by Author " Getnet Mitike"

Browsing by Author "Getnet Mitike"

Now showing 1 - 18 of 18

Acceptance of Index Case HIV Testing and Counseling among HIV Patients under Ossa Care and Support Outlets and Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa.
(Addis Abeba University, 2013-09) Haileyesus Abraham; Getnet Mitike
Background: HIV Counseling and Testing is one of the effective means for prevention of the spread of HIV infection. Partners and family members of PLHIVs are at higher risk for HIV infection. Thus, studying the acceptance of index case HTC and disclosure is important to improve the service. Objectives: This study aims to identify barriers to disclose HIV status by index clients and factors predict the acceptance of ICHTC. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zewditu Memorial hospital and OSSA care and support outlet. A facility based systematic random sampling was followed to select 452 HIV positive individuals. Descriptive and inferential stastics wre usedto assess factors associated with acceptance of index case HTC and disclosure of HIV sero status. Result፡ The level of disclosure to main sexual partner was 56%. PLHIVs who had no sexual partner than spouse [OR: 8.15; 95% CI, 2.06-32.19] and had positive attitude to index case HTC [OR: 2.55; 95% CI, 1.63-4.0] were more likely to disclose their status. Index clients whose family and partner accepted HTC were 64% and 73%, respectively. Disclosure of status to family [OR: 2.40; 95% CI, 1.54-3.74] and friends [OR: 2.06; 95% CI, 1.19-3.57], being knowledgable [OR: 2.19; 95% CI, 1.39-3.44] and non-regular partnership [OR: 3.86; 95% CI, 1.68-8.83] were positively associated with acceptance of ICHTC. Nondisclosure to main sexual partner was protective to acceptance HTC. Conclusion and recommendation: Disclosure of self status, positive attitude to HTC, initiation for testng and being knowledgeable were factors influenced acceptance of HTC. Poor knowledge on HIV and risk assessment and negative attitude to ICHTC were barriers to disclosure. Intervention should prioritize mutual disclosure of HIV status, make clear understanding on HIV and its risks, benefits of ICHTC and develop positive attitude to ICHTC.
Assessment of Clients Satisfaction with Outpatient Services in Tigray Zonal Hospitals.
(Addis Abeba University, 2006-07) Girmay Adane; Getnet Mitike
Most zonal hospitals in Tigray are among the oldest hospitals in the region, now serving for the huge population of the region that were originally established about 40 or more years ago for a much lesser population. Through time the significant increase in population growth has resulted in an extremely increased demand for health services, while the hospital capacity and facilities are not correspondingly changing. Different efforts are on process to fulfill the hospitals with the right manpower, medical equipment and other facilities to meet the needs of the clients. However the level of clients satisfaction is not known since no systematic study was carried out to assess the condition. A cross sectional study was conducted from November to April 2006. A combination of methods was used in collecting data for this study. These were both the quantitative and qualitative techniques. Three zonal hospitals were included in the study by simple random sampling technique. A total of 422 respondents were recruited for the study selected by systematic random sampling technique in the zonal hospitals. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data in the zonal hospitals. In addition, FGDs with the clients and In depth interviews with the key personnel of the selected hospitals were also conducted to gather information. Epi6 and SPSS 10.0 statistical packages were used for data management. Among the clients, 52.6 % are male, 40.5% of the total clients are illiterates, 45.3% are from the rural areas and 33.6 % are non paying. The findings of the study showed that the client satisfaction level with the outpatient departments in the zonal hospitals was 43.6 %. Satisfaction was rated highest with courtesy and respect by the health workers with 93.8 % satisfaction rate. Dissatisfaction was rated highest by respondents with the lack of drugs and supplies in the hospitals pharmacies with 64.9% reporting dissatisfaction. Nearly half of the respondents (46.7 %) responded they were not satisfied with the information provision by the health workers about the services and their health problems. 96 % of the clients got a prescription for drugs and supplies. Of those with the prescription paper, only one third (32 %) got all the prescribed drugs and supplies. 44.2 % of the respondents were dissatisfied with the overall waiting time to get the hospital services. In conclusion, many clients were found to be dissatisfied with the services of the outpatient departments of the zonal hospitals. In addition the FGDs and In depth interviews showed that clients dissatisfaction was associated with the lack of drugs and supplies, long waiting time and inadequate information provision like that of the factors identified during the exit interview. Thus, the level of clients’ dissatisfaction is high. Therefore revising the allocation of budget for the hospitals to enable them keep the basic drugs and supplies and reassessment of the functions of the special pharmacies in the hospitals, Improving and strengthening the existing information provision to clients and developing a new hospital structure is recommended.
Assessment of Health Service Extension Packages Utilization and Barriers that Affect Service Utilization in Dandi District, West Showa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
(Addis Abeba University, 2010-06) Adugna Kebede; Getnet Mitike
Background: In 2005, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) in Ethiopia realized that health service were not meeting the health needs at the community level. In response to this, the FMOH launched a new innovative program called the health Extension program(HEP).TheHEPfocusesonunderservedsuch as: mothers, neonates, children and rural communities and places, basically emphasis on preventive, promotive and selected curative health care practice. Utilization of healthcare services is a right of all citizens, an important determinant of health and has particular relevance as a public health and development issue in low income countries.
Assessment of HIV Sero-Discordance among Couples Tested in Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center, Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Abeba University, 2013-12) Yihalem Tamiru; Getnet Mitike
Background: Recent studies suggest that in sub-Saharan African, a large proportion of new HIV infections occur within sero-discordant couples and in countries with generalized HIV epidemics including Ethiopia sero-discordant relationships are common. Thus, it remains to be a major challenge to achieve the full impact of HIV/AIDS intervention. Objective: To assess the magnitude of HIV sero-discordance and its associated factors among couples tested in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional chart review for a total of 13,423 couples from January 2005 to December 2012 was conducted. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses were done to assess the magnitude and its associated factors with HIV sero-discordance among couples. To supplement the quantitative data in-depth interview was conducted in 4 sero-discordant couples and 3 VCT counselors. Data were entered using Epi-info version 3.5.3 and quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 19 software. Qualitative data was transcribed based on the objectives of the study and the results were described in narratives using well-said verbatim. Results: Among a total of 13,423 HIV tested couples 886 of them were HIV sero-discordant and the magnitude of sero-discordance was found to be 6.6%. Sero-discordance was more prevalent among married and widowed couples counting 20% and 16.4% respectively. Secondary education (AOR= 2.42; 95% CI: 1.527, 3.83); tertiary level (AOR=1.60; 95 % CI: 1.008, 2.54); able to read and write (AOR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.63,4.39); condom not used regularly in the last 3 months (AOR=2.145; 95% CI: 1.625, 2.831); suspected exposure within 4 to 6 months (AOR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.53, 3.50); suspected time over 6 months (AOR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.409, 2.79); employed (AOR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.54); unskilled occupation (AOR= 1.851; 95% CI: 1.152, 2.975); housewife (AOR= 0.533; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.75); history of STI (AOR= 0.745; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.99) were statistically significant with HIV sero-discordance. Conclusion and Recommendation: Substantial prevalence of sero-discordance was observed among married couples. Sero-discordant couples occupied with handful misconception and they are ambivalent for decision making. Sero-discordant result among couples is still mysterious; as a result, justify it from spiritual point of view and face many challenges and dilemmas. Intensive efforts should be made to encourage married couples aware of their own and their partners’ serostatus. Empowering and educating community and ongoing counseling is recommended.
Assessment of Knowledge and Service Utilization for Common Sexually Transmitted Infections among adults in Shakiso District, Guji Zone, Oromia Regional State.
(Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Negash Sime; Getnet Mitike
Background: Sexually Transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common causes of illnesses in the world and their public health importance is high in developing countries. They are the commonest causes of healthy life years lost among women of 15-49 years in Africa. In Ethiopia, there is little information regarding the incidence and prevalence of STIs. According to Federal HIV/AIDS prevention and control office report of 2006, adult prevalence of syphilis 2.7% was only known. Similarly, study on the level of knowledge and STI service utilization pattern involving the whole reproductive age group in the community at large is minimal. Objective : This study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and service utilization for common STIs among 15-49 years of adult women and men in Shakiso District. Methods: A cross sectional community based descriptive study was conducted using interviewer administered questionnaire in Shakiso District on a sample of 845 adult women and men selected for study through multistage sampling technique. In this study the quantitative part was supplemented with a qualitative study. With regard to measurement of knowledge level on STIs, scoring system of each knowledge question was considered. The STI magnitude was estimated from self reported STIs symptoms. A pre tested questionnaire was filled by trained data collectors and checked on daily basis for completeness and consistency. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 soft ware and descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were made. Here logistic regression model was used to determine independent predictor of outcome variables. Result: A total of 845 participants [385(45.6%) males and,460(54.4%) females] were included in the study with a mean age of 27.7(SD=8.2). Of 784 (92.7%) who heard of common STIs, only 20.8% (63.8% of males,36.2% of females) of them had good comprehensive knowledge (COR =2.24; 95% CI,1.57-3.2). In a multivariate analysis having good comprehensive knowledge was associated with formal education at all level (P-value ≤ 0.002 ). Self reported magnitude of STIs symptoms ranged from 4.6-6.9%. Having history of premarital sexual intercourse was statistically significant with occurrence of self reported STIs syndromes according to multivariate logistic regressions (Adjusted OR 2.5;95%CI=1.46-4.3). Most respondents (96.7%) have got treatment for STIs. Qualitative and quantitative findings revealed that, fear of quarreling with partners, failure to get cure easily, stigma and affordability (lack of money) related issues were factors or barriers for STIs service utilization. Conclusion: Low level of comprehensive knowledge on STIs and increament of STIs magnitude in comparison to other studies in the country were identified in the study. Recommendation: IEC and BCC strategies should be considered as top priority to create awareness among communities in order to prevent and control STIs transmission.
Assessment of Knowledge of Diabetes, its Treatment and Complications Amongst Adult Diabetic Out Patients in Selected Health Institutions of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-04) Yemesrach Abeje; Getnet Mitike
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome comprising a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism secondary to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The findings of the study will help in identifying knowledge gap among diabetes patients. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of diabetes, its treatment, complication and factors associated with adult diabetic patients attending in selected health facilities in Addis Ababa. Methodology: Facility based cross sectional study design was used among diabetic patients attending health facilities in Addis Ababa. The study was supplemented by qualitative method. The calculated sample size was 356. For calculation of mean knowledge score of diabetes; the correct answer was given one point, while incorrect and unsure answers were given zero. The interpretation of scores was performed by a Delphi panel of experts (A Survey of Knowledge on Diabetes in the Central Region of Thailand) and defined as poor (<50%), fair (50–80%), and good (>80%). Results: Three hundred twenty five DM patients participated in the quantitative study making the response rate at 91.3%. Mean age of respondents was 44.2 years (SD 15.5), with 52.9% being female. With a score range of 0 to 54, the mean (%) score of the respondents was 28.8 (54.4%) (SD11.4). Data showed that having high education seems to have positive effect on increasing knowledge about DM and those who are Amhara in ethnicity were nearly 2.4 times to have good knowledge (OR2.6; 95% CI 1.12 to 5.23). In addition data showed that, those who knew their last FBS level and patients who had glucometer were more likely to have good knowledge about DM. In qualitative study knowledge about diabetes was poor especially due to socio-cultural beliefs, personal etiology, communication barrier and by being self-oriented. Conclusion: In conclusion, knowledge about DM throughout the study was fair; these were associated with illiteracy, ethnicity, knowing last FBS level and having glucometer. It will be beneficial if a diabetic clinic and information center for teaching diabetic patients is established (In addition to the existing facilities) because they still need patient-specific education on diabetes and its management.
Assessment of Pregnancy Outcome with Emphasis on Perinatal and Neonatal Mortality in Dire Dawa Town, Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2003-07) Tesfaye Yaekob; Getnet Mitike; Yemene Berhane
The commonly used pregnancy outcome indicators in developing countries are maternal mortality, abortion, perinatal, neonatal mortality, low birth weight and preterm births. About eight million perinatal deaths are reported annually in the world of which 40-60% is neonatal mortality and almost all are in developing countries. Many hospital based studies were conducted on those problems, while community based are very few. Therefore this community based cross sectional comparative study was conducted to assess the pregnancy outcome with emphasis on peri and neonatal mortality by delivery place and its associated factors in Dire Dawa town. The study was conducted between November 2002 and April 2003. A total of 1462 mothers who had children or had been pregnant for the last five years were participated in the study. Pre tested standardized questionnaires were used to obtain information on sociodemo graphic, obstetric history and the condition of the new born and mothers during labor and neonatal period. Analyses were made using EP INFO 4.6 statistical package and SPSS version 10.In the study the following findings were found: High perinatal mortality rate of 73/1000 live births with 38/1000 and 35/1000 live births being at home and in health institutions respectively. High neonatal mortality rate of 47/1000 live births with 28/1000 and 19/1000 live births at home and in health institutions respectively. Mothers who had 2-4 parity had more risk to perinatal mortality than primi Para mothers. (AOR 5.15, 95%CI 1.54, 17.23) and mothers who had 5+ parity had more risk to perinatal mortality than primi Para mothers. (AOR 4.38, 95%CI 0.65, 29.40) In this study it is found that very small and small (mother’s perceptions birth weight)neonates have more risk to neonatal mortality than neonates who had normal birth weight when they were born(AOR 3.61, 95%CI 1.75, 7.43) and also term babies had less risk to perinatal and neonatal mortality than babies born preterm it is statistically significant when it is entered into logistic regression model(AOR 0.28, 95%CI 0.11,0.70) and (AOR 0.28, 95%CI 0.12, 0.63) respectively. Mothers whose income were <300 birr per month had more risk to neonatal mortality than mothers whose income were >601 birr per month. (AOR 4.64, 95%CI 1.53,14.01)and mothers whose income were 301-600 birr per month had more risk to neonatal mortality than mothers whose income were >601 birr per month. (AOR 4.29, 95%CI1.27, 14.50). Based on the above findings of the study the following recommendations were made. Strengthening of the MCH/FP care unit at each level and encourage mothers to use FP services and improve quality of care , establishing and utilization of emergency obstetric care services with special emphasis of neonatal care and give special attention to empower of mothers and improve economic status and educational level of women.
Assessment of the Level of Patient Satisfaction and its Determinants among Admitted Patients in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2013
(Addis Ababa University, 2013-05) Yakob Seman; Getnet Mitike
Background: In Ethiopia, the Federal Ministry of Health uses a range of indicators to measure the quality of health service delivery and to track changes over time. Although quality of care is measured with a diverse set of ways, patients are in a unique position to report their health care experiences and inform health care providers about factors that may improve or hinder their satisfaction. Objective: To assess the level of patient satisfaction and its associated factors among adult patients admitted in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2013. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the level of patient satisfaction and associated factors in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa.The study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by face to face interview method using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were fitted to identify the independent factors which determine patient satisfaction. Results: A total of 397 discharged patients were involved in the study and 330 (83%) of the patients were satisfied by the services they had get at the health facilities. Only 67 (17%) of the patients had reported that they were not satisfied. Based on the result of multivariate analysis, the variables nurse communication (AOR=9.2, 95%CI=2.596 - 32.71), easy to find your way around the health facility (AOR=3.5, 95%CI=1.715 - 7.28), getting all drugs prescribed (AOR=3.1, 95%CI=1.39 - 6.747), getting all laboratory investigation requested (AOR=3.4, 95%CI=1.235 - 9.245), staying to get bed (AOR=0.026, 95%CI=0.001- 0.664) and informing symptoms to look for after you left the hospital (AOR=4.3, 95%CI=1.744 - 10.434) were the independent predictors of patient satisfaction. Conclusion and Recommendation: In summary, 83% of the patients were satisfied by the services they were offered while only 17% of the patients were dissatisfied. The variables nurse communication, easily finding ways around the health facility, getting all drugs prescribed, getting all laboratory investigation requested, length of staying to get bed and informing patients the symptoms to look for after they leave the hospital were the significant predictors of patient satisfaction. Establishing a clear verbal and written communication between health care providers and patients, availing essential pharmaceutical and laboratory service along with effective bed management are critical to improve patient satisfaction in the inpatient settings.
Assessment of Time to Recurrence of Opportunistic Infections in People Living with HIV/AIDS, in Debre Markos Town, East Gojam Zone, North West Ethiopia, in 2013. (Retrospective Cohort Study).
(Addis Abeba University, 2013-05) Habtamu Mellie; Getnet Mitike
According to 2011 Ethiopian demographic health survey the national adult HIV prevalence is 1.5 %. In the same survey, HIV prevalence was 2.2% in the Amhara Region. In the region of North West Ethiopia, 88.9% of pre-ART PLWHA has any type of OI at initiation of ART. Different studies showed the effect of ART improves time to death of PLWHA however, little is known about its effect on improving time of recurrence of OI and factors associated with it and magnitude of the recurrence. Hence this study will be used to plan resources needed for chronic HIV/AIDS care and to identify factors affecting patients’ survival. Objective: To assess time to recurrence of OIs and factors associated with it and to determine magnitude of recurrence in PLWHA in Debre Markos town in 2013. Method: Institution based comparative retrospective cohort study were used and the required sample size was 536. All 18 years old and above PLWHA who were on chronic HIV care in Debre Makkos town health institutions was the source population for the study. Study participants were selected from the list of PLWHA attending the public health facilities using simple random sampling procedure by data collectors who are working in ART clinic. Univariate analysis was used to describe patients’ baseline and follow up characteristics. Actuarial life table and Kaplan-meier survival was used to estimate survival and log rank test was used to compare survival curves. Cox proportional-hazard regression model was used to calculate the uni-variate and adjusted hazard rate and to determine independent predictors of time to recurrence of OI. Result: Among study participates 66% were females and the median age was 32 years. Most of them were urban 70.1%, orthodox 92.4%, not educated 44%, married 43.3% and employed 20%. During a median of 43 person weeks follow up OIs recurred in three quarter (75.7%) study participants. The Incidence rate of OI recurrence was 13.1(95 CI: 11.9-14.5) per 1000 person weeks. Using the Kaplan-meier survival estimation the median time of survival was 57 weeks. After adjusted for covariates the significant predictors for survival were marital status, occupational status, follow up CD4 count, base line Hgb value, ART exposure status, base line ART adherence status, base line and follow up prophylaxis exposure status and follow up prophylaxis adherence status. Conclusion and Recommendation: Governmental and non-governmental organizations working on HIV/AIDS should give especial attention for risk groups like widowed, not taking treatment/ adhere ART or prophylaxis while continuing HIV care for all PLWHA.
Assessment of Utilization and Determinants of Voluntary Counseling and Testing for HIV in the Armed Forces of Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2006-10) Yiheyis Aytenfisu; Getnet Mitike
Military personnel are among the core groups most at risk to HIV acquisition and transmission because of their occupation and lifestyle. Available data shows that voluntary counseling and testing for HIV uptake was low in the members of Ethiopian army. It is known that VCT for HIV is crucial strategy for HIV prevention. Therefore, identifying rate of VCT and factors correlated with low uptake in the army could intensify the national responses to the HIV pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 917 male army members of randomly selected Division of Northern command, deployed in Eastern Tigray about 900kmnorth to Addis Ababa in October 2006. After data was collected, using pre-tested structured and standard questionnaire, cleaned, entered and analyzed using SPSS. Odds ratio with 95 %confidence interval was used to test statistical significance and degree of association. The median age of respondents was 28(±5.6), with age range from 18-47 years. The majority of participants 567(61.8%) were between 18–29 years of age. Almost 99% of the participants were literate, and 441(48.1%) were ever married and the median age at first marriage was 25 years. The data showed that 430(46.9%) of all participants were tested for HIV of which 421 were through VCT. The data also revealed that VCT utilization rate in the study subjects was 45.9%.The most common reason for VCT was ‘to know self’, 86.2%. All participants who had VCT were satisfied with the service given. Among 487 HIV non-tested participants the reasons given for non-uptake of VCT were no nearby service 38.8%, afraid to get test result 33.9%, fear of stigma 17.7%, and partner and/or self-trust 13.8%. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for various demographic characteristics, as well as behavioral, cognitive, social, and VCT service related factors; it was found that soldiers with the following characteristics were most likely to have undergone VCT. Those who discussed HIV/AIDS with in the family, those who ever had sexual contact, those who knew a person infected with HIV or died of AIDS, those who were knowledgeable about the uses of VCT, and those who had non-stigmatizing attitude towards PLWHA. On the other hand it was found that soldiers with the following characteristics were less likely to have undergone VCT: those who were currently not married but living with sexual partner, those who had uncertainty about their HIV status, and those who preferred integrated VCT clinics located in the civilian health institution. This study shown that rate of VCT utilization in the army is increasing and many variables shown correlation with VCT-uptake. Therefore, we recommend that interventions be aimed at those variables suggesting causation and to scale up VCT services. Furthermore, we recommend that qualitative research be conducted to identify which of these correlations have a causal relationship to VCT-uptake
Assessment of Utilization of Modern Child Spacing Methods.
(Addis Ababa University, 2003-04) Zergu Tafese; Getnet Mitike
Comparative Community-based cross sectional study conducted in Gambella Town ofGambella Regional State, which is 777 kms away from Addis Ababa to the South west of the country. The study populations were women of reproductive age group residing in the urban area of Gambella woreda during the study period. Multistage sampling procedure was carried out to reach at the 936 households to be included in the survey. Simple random sampling technique was applied to select the respondent women when more than one women of reproductive age group resides in the same household. Data was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire complemented by focus group discussion. The finding of the study revealed that there is statistically significant difference between indigenous and non-indigenous study groups by educational status, number of co-wives, intended number of children and length of postpartum sexual abstinence. Ninety six percent of the non-indigenous women and sixty two percent of the indigenous women have heard about modern contraceptive methods. The most commonly known contraceptive methods were oral pills and injectable. More than50.0% of the non-indigenous women was used modern contraceptive methods in their life time while only 20.2% of the indigenous have ever tried. Current contraceptive prevalence was 11.5% among indigenous study women while it was 36.4% among non- indigenous group. Desire for more children and use of natural method like prolonged postpartum sexual abstinence were the reasons for nonuse among indigenous women while desire for more children and not currently engaged in wedlock were the most commonly reported reasons for non-use of modern contraceptive methods for non-indigenous women while It was found that the tradition of indigenous population enforces male partners to observe for prolonged postpartum sexual abstinence and their culture allows them to have multiple wives. Moreover, it was noted in the qualitative finding that once a women is engaged in wedlock it is must that she has to produce as many children as possible because children particularly daughters were assumed to be the source of family income and women cannot make any decision related to reproductive matters which consequently influenced their modern contraceptive utilization. The result of multivariate analysis showed statistically significant association between age, marital status, number of co-wive, previous attendance of PNC previous health institution delivery, and modern contraceptive utilization. Women empowerment through education and looking for alternative sources of family planning delivery system and involving male partner in reproductive health issues were recommended.
Assessment of Voluntary HIV Counselling and Testing (VCT) Service Utilization among Married Couples in Gondar City, North West Ethiopia.
(Addis Abeba Universty, 2010-06) Ketema Abera; Getnet Mitike
Background: voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) is one of the key strategies in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. However, the utilization of VCT service particularly among married couples is very low in Gondar city. We therefore conducted this study to determine the prevalence, willingness and factors associated with VCT service utilization among married couples in Gondar city. Methods: a population based cross sectional study employing both quantitative and qualitative research method was conducted between February and March 2010. A total of 846 married couples aged 18 years and above were sampled from 3 randomly selected kebeles. Data was collected on VCT service utilization and independent variables. Binary logistic regression (bivariate and multivariate analysis) was performed to determine the predictors of VCT service utilization among married couples. Results: 838 married couples (1676 individuals) participated in the study with a response rate of 99.05 %. VCT use was higher among married women in the age group of 18-30 years and 31-40 years than married men. The major barriers to VCT service utilization among married couples were stigma, discrimination, fear of test results, partner rejection, and fear of marital breakage. However, 76.1% of married couples reported that they had willingness to use VCT. Conclusion: the VCT service utilization among married couples in Gondar city was very low. In order to increase VCT service utilization, there should be particular attention on health education, home based VCT programs, pertinent media programs and community mobilization
Factors Influencing Family Size Preferences among Residents of Assela Town,Oromia Regional State.
(Addis Abeba University, 2013-06) Bekele Dibaba; Getnet Mitike
Background :Ethiopia, like most Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, is experiencing rapid population growth. The rapid growth prevents national development effort and affects maternal and child health. Moreover, the desire to realize the issues pertaining to small family size and harmonize the rate of population growth with socio-economic development in order to reach a high level of welfare can be achieved, if factors which affect family size are well identified. Different factors influence family size at different levels in different Societies. This Study assessed factors affecting family size preferences in Assela town where data was not available in this regard. Objective: To determine desired family size and identify factors influencing family size among residents of Assela town, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Methodology: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study was conducted in Assela town, between March 25 and April 4, 2013. The town has 14 kebeles out of which 5 kebeles were selected randomly. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study subjects. Sample size required for this study was calculated based on two population proportion comparison formula and with 100% response rate a total of 214 couples were included in the study. The age of women ranged from 15 to 49 years and men above15 years. Data was collected after information was provided and informed consent was obtained. Similar questions were posed to the couples’ simultaneously but in separate locations and at distance they couldn’t hear each other. The quality of data was controlled at different levels. The desired family size was determined using mean score. Respondents were asked to determine which factors were influential on their desired family size. Multiple linear regressions were used to see relationship between influential factors and desired family size. Associations of variables were tested by using 95% confidence interval (C.I) and regression coefficient. Results: Mean desired family size for the study population was 3.8.Mean desired family size for men and women were 4.1 and 3.5 respectively. The factors which had got higher magnitude and rank included household income, sex preference and psychological factors. Conclusion: It is quite possible that increasing educational level and age at marriage might influence couples to desire lower family size. It is possible that child sex preference and psychological factors might influence couples to desire higher family size.
HIV/STI Behavioral Survey among Male and Female Students in Axum University: A Comparative Study, Axum Town, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2010-06) Tesfa Yetum; Getnet Mitike
Introduction: Efforts to reduce the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS are very much related to changing high-risk sexual behaviors and environments facilitating high risk sexual behaviors. This can be done successfully if these efforts are supported by relevant studies that aimed at analysis of sexual behaviors among the potentially risk groups. Objective: To assess and compare High Risk Sexual behavior among male and female university students Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study (both quantitative and qualitative methods) were conducted from April 20 to 30, 2010 to assess the risky sexual behavior among male and female university students in Axum town. A total of 640students, 320 males and 320 females were participated. A structured, pre-tested, and self-administrated questionnaire and FGD were used for quantitative and qualitative data collection respectively. Results: In multivariate analysis respondents’ age , drinking alcohol, chat chewing and cigarette smoking were statistically significant with high risk sexual behavior. The mean age of the study subjects was 20.65 +1.53. 234 (36.6%) of the study subjects had ever had sexual intercourse, and 107(33.4%). Among the sexually active students 160 (68.4%) had only one lifetime partner, 59(25.2%) had 2-5 partners and 15 (6.4%) had more than 5 lifetime partners. The proportion of males reported having had more than five lifetime partners was higher than females 10(7.9%)and 5(4.7%) respectively. Males were more knowledgeable and had positive attitude than females. Fifty two (8.1 %) of the students claimed that their chance of contracting HIV/AIDS was high while 514 (80.3%) said there was no chance at all. Seventy four (11.6%) did not know their risk status. Conclusion: Age, drinking alcohol, cigarette smoking and chat chewing showed a statistically significant association with high risk sexual behavior, males were more knowledgeable and have positive attitude than females, in general the students had low risk perception and males had higher risk perception than females.
Prevalence of Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Harar (Eastern Ethiopia)
(Addis Ababa University, 1995-05) Getnet Mitike; James Farrow
A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in order to describe the magnitude of antituberculosis drug resistance and identify the risk factors associated with it. The study was carried out in Harar tuberculosis center which is the major tuberculosis treatment center in eastern Ethiopia. A total of 338 smear/culture positive patients were enrolled in the study between October 10, 1994 and January 20, 1995. Exposure status was determined through interview; drug resistance and HIV status were determined through laboratory investigation. The overall prevalence of resistance to one or more anti - tuberculosis drugs was 126 /3 38 (37.3% ) . Initial resistance was 82/252 (32 .5% ) while that of acquired was 44 / 86 (51 .2% ) . History of previous treatment was the strongest predictor of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance (p <0 . 005) . HIV infection was found to be an important predisposing factor in those who had history of previous treatment(p<0.05). The prevalence of drug resistance is high in Harar. There is a need for periodic national drug resistance survey. Implementation of the WHO recommended supervised treatment with multi-sectoral approach is suggested.
Prevalence of Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Harar (Eastern Ethiopia).
(Addis Abeba University, 1995-05) Getnet Mitike; James Farrow
A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in order to describe the magnitude of antituberculosis drug resistance and identify the risk factors associated with it. The study was carried out in Harar tuberculosis center which is the major tuberculosis treatment center in eastern Ethiopia. A total of 338 smear/culture positive patients were enrolled in the study between October 10, 1994 and January 20, 1995. Exposure status was determined through interview; drug resistance and HIV status were determined through laboratory investigation. The overall prevalence of resistance to one or more anti-tuberculosis drugs was 126/338 (37.3%). Initial resistance was 82/252 (32.5%) while that of acquired was 44/86 (51 . 2%). History of previous treatment was the strongest predictor of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance (p <0 . 005). HIV infection was found to be an important predisposing factor in those who had history of previous treatment (p< 0.05). The prevalence of drug resistance is high in Harar. There is a need for periodic national drug resistance survey. Implementation of the WHO recommended supervised treatment with multi-sectoral approach is suggested.
The Role of Men in Family Planning in a Rural Community of Western Ethiopia.
(Addis Ababa University, 2004-04) Yohannes Tolassa; Getnet Mitike
In recognition of men’s influence on family life decision and actions, and the family planning needs of men, family planning programs are encouraged to involve men. To determine men and women factor that affect family planning utilization by the couples, a cross sectional, community based study was conducted in six Rural Kebeles of Bodji woreda of western Ethiopia; Between Dec24,2003-Jan3, 2004. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study subjects. A pre-tested questionnaire in Oromo language was used to collect information from the couples. Similar questions were posed to the couples simultaneously but at distance they couldn’t hear each other. A total of 365 married couples were included. Nearly 100% of them are Oromo and Christians, 96% are farmers, 79.1% of men and 63% of women had formal education. Eighty-four percent of men and 86.3% of women have information about family planning, 82-% men and 89.6% women believe that family planning is important. The majority, 90.6% of men approves contraceptive use by their wives, but only 70% of women reported perceived approval by their husbands. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis has shown that, age of the couples ,knowledge of family planning methods by men, men as advocate for contraceptive use, discussion about family planning, perceived approval by husband, women education, ,family size, are predictors of family planning use by women. On the other hand, husbands’ opposition was positively related to contraceptive use by women. The reason behind is not clear. In conclusion, in married couples, both women and men factors affect family planning service utilization by the women. Therefore all programs targeted to promoting family planning have to target both men and women, men should be considered as an important agent to expand family planning utilization
Unmet Palliative Care Needs of People Living with HIV and AIDS in Hawassa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2012-05) Selamawit Nane; Getnet Mitike
Background: The World Health Organization defines palliative care as an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with threatening illnesses. Assessing the palliative care needs of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) and providing them with adequate care and support has a special significance in combating the AIDS epidemic. Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess unmet palliative care needs of people living with HIV and AIDS in Hawassa town. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess palliative care needs of PLHIV and qualitative method was applied to triangulate the findings. Adult PLHIV on ART for at least 6 months were randomly selected for quantitative data. The reason for this is that, palliative care team visit and gives support for PLHIV every 3 months. So PLHIV who have been on ART at least for 6 months have more knowledge about palliative care and have a chance to be visited by palliative care team. For qualitative data health care providers and the PLHIV were purposely selected and a total of 6 in-depth individual interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted. Quantitative data was entered in to SPSS for analysis and qualitative data is analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings of the quantitative data supplemented with qualitative results using the process of triangulation. Result: A total of 390 (121 males and 269 females) PLHIV and 17 (7 males and 10 females)health workers included in this study. The mean age of study participants was 32.9 ± 9.6 years. As the result of this study the most common unmet palliative care needs are financial assistance (59%), pain relief (48.7%), free treatment for OI (47.9%), nutritional support (38.7%), shelter(28.7%) and home based care (21.3%). Multiple regression analysis showed that all the identified unmet needs for palliative care were more among unemployed PLHIV than employed (p<0.05). The health care providers indicated that shortage of staff, lack of funding, lack of equipment and lack of strong policy on palliative care program were the main barrier to meet the need of palliative care among PLHIV. Conclusion and recommendation: In conclusion the identified palliative needs in this study include financial assistance, nutritional support, treatment for opportunistic infections, shelter. Home based care and pain relief. These findings could be used as base for the development of a comprehensive palliative care policy and programs for PLHIV in Hawassa. So the government and other donor agencies should give emphasis to access and availability of palliative care services.

Browsing by Author "Getnet Mitike"

Results Per Page

Sort Options