Introduction: Injuries are major public health problem globally. Each year over 5 million people around the world die as result of injury. Injuries are ranked among the leading cause of death and disability particularly in the low income and middle income countries where they are growing in significance. In Hawassa referral hospital emergency department visited by an in average 1,500 injured patients in a year and 10% of injury is due to road traffic accident. Statement of the problem:Injury has been recognized as one of the most life threatening public problem.Injuries present 12% of the global burden of disease and the third most important cause of overall mortality. Millions of accidents occur each year and thousands of individuals lose their lives. Also the burden of injury in Ethiopia becomes one of the 3rd leading causes of death and disability. Objective ofstudy:The general objective of this research is to assess pattern of injury and associated effects in patients visiting the Emergency Department of Hawassa university referral Hospital.Study design: Retrospective cross- sectional study. Study population:All injured patients the study populations wereconsists all injured patients, who visited the adult Emergency Department of Hawassa referral teaching Hospital from February 1 up to July 1 2012. Sample size determination:All trauma patients who visited the adult emergency department in Hawassa referral hospital from February 1 up to July 1 2012 G.C. Data resource is from documentation. Result: Most injuries occurred by road traffic accident accounted for 54% and the majority 80% were male. This more injured age group was 21-30 and accounted for 41%. 62% of the injuries wereaccidental and anatomically injured part of the body was head and neck accounted for 52.2%. Conclusion:This research is crucial making to understand the problems of injury and the police maker will develop guide lines to prevent the cause of trauma and improving health care service systems in health institutions and society. Because the burden of trauma is highly damages the productive age groups