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http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/937
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| Title: | THE MORPHOLOGY OF ENDEGAN |
| Authors: | NEGA, EYASSU |
| Advisors: | Professor Baye Yimam |
| Copyright: | 2003 |
| Date Added: | 24-Apr-2008 |
| Publisher: | Addis Ababa University |
| Abstract: | Chapter One
Introduction
1.1. The language and the people -------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2. Review of related literature ---------------------------------------------------------- 3
1.3.The present study --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1.4. Significance of the study ------------------------------------------------------------ 8
1.5.Methodology -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.6. Phonological preliminaries ---------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.6.1. Consonant phonemes ------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.6.2. The vowel phonemes ------------------------------------------------------- 12
1.6.3. Phonological Processes ----------------------------------------------------- 13
1.6.3.1. Vowel deletion ---------------------------------------------------- 13
1.6.3.2. Glide insertion ----------------------------------------------------- 13
1.6.3.3. Labialisation and Palatalization --------------------------------- 14
1.6.3.4. Devoicing ---------------------------------------------------------- 15
1.6.3.5. Spirantization ----------------------------------------------------- 16
1.6.3.6. Consonant Alternation ------------------------------------------- 16
Chapter Two
2.1. Noun Inflection ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
2.1.1. Number ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
2.1.2. Gender ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18
2.1.3. Articles ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
2.1.3.1. Definite Article ------------------------------------------------ 20
2.1.3.2. Indefinite Article ---------------------------------------------- 21
ii
2.1.4. Case --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
2.1.4.1. Nominative case ---------------------------------------------- 23
2.1.4.2. Accusative Case ---------------------------------------------- 24
2.1.4.3.The genitive Case -------------------------------------------- 26
2.1.4.4. The dative case ----------------------------------------------- 29
2.1.5. Semantic Cases -------------------------------------------------------------- 30
2.1.5.1.Instrumental Case ------------------------------------------- 30
2.1.5.2.The ablative Case -------------------------------------------- 30
2.1.5.3.Locative Case ------------------------------------------------ 31
2.1.5.3.1. Destination (to) --------------------------------- 31
2.1.5.3.2. Static location------------------------------------ 32
2.1.5.4. Commutative------------------------------------------------- 33
2.2. Noun Derivation--------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
2.2.1 Abstract Nominals------------------------------------------------------------ 34
2.2.2 Gerundive Nominals--------------------------------------------------------- 36
2.2.3 Group identity Nominals---------------------------------------------------- 37
2.2.4 Agentive Nominals----------------------------------------------------------- 38
2.2.5 Result Nominals-------------------------------------------------------------- 38
2.2.5 Instrumental and Manner Nominals--------------------------------------- 39
CHAPTER THREE---------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
PRONOUNS------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41
3.1 Independent Personal Pronouns -------------------------------------------------- 41
3.1.1 Inflection of Personal Pronouns------------------------------------------- 43
3.1.1.1 Person--------------------------------------------------------------- 43
3.1.1.2 Number------------------------------------------------------------- 43
3.1.1.3 Gender-------------------------------------------------------------- 43
3.2 Possessive suffix Pronouns-------------------------------------------------------- 44
3.3 Demonstrative Pronouns----------------------------------------------------------- 46
3.4 Reflexive Pronouns---------------------------------------------------------------- 46
3.5 Reciprocal Pronouns--------------------------------------------------------------- 48
3.6 Indefinite Pronoun----------------------------------------------------------------- 49
iii
3.7 Selective and Non- selective Pronouns------------------------------------------ 50
3.8 Exclusive Pronouns---------------------------------------------------------------- 51
3.9 Interrogative Pronouns------------------------------------------------------------ 51
CHAPTER FOUR---------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
VERBS
Introduction-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1 Types of verbs--------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
4.2 Stem classes----------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
4.3 Inflections-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
4.3.1 Pronominal Affixes------------------------------------------------------- 59
4.3.1.1Subject Pronominal Affixes------------------------------------- 59
4.3.1.2 Object Pronominal Affixes------------------------------------- 64
4.3.1.2.1. Direct object Affixes------------------------------ 64
4.3.1.1.2 Indirect object Affixes---------------------------- 69
4.4 Aspect, Tense and Mood-------------------------------------------------------- 72
4.4.1 Aspect---------------------------------------------------------------- 73
4.4.1.1 Perfective Aspect---------------------------------------------- 73
4.4.1.2 Imperfective Aspect ------------------------------------------ 74
4.4.2 Tense----------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
4.4.2.1 Simple Past Tense---------------------------------------------- 74
4.4.2.2 Remote Past Tense---------------------------------------------- 75
4.4.2.3 Past Progressive-------------------------------------------------- 76
4.4.2.4 Simple Present Tense-------------------------------------------- 76
4.4.2.5 Future Tense------------------------------------------------------ 77
4.4.2.5.2 Definite Future----------------------------------------- 78
4.4.2.5.3 Indefinite Future--------------------------------------- 79
4.5 Mood--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80
4.5.1 Jussive------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80
4.5.2 Imperative-------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
4.5.3 Conditionals------------------------------------------------------------------ 82
4.6 Negation------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83
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4.6.1 Tense and Negation--------------------------------------------------------- 83
4.6.2 Negation in Present and Future Tense----------------------------------- 86
4.6.3 Mood and Negation-------------------------------------------------------- 88
4.7 Verb Derivation--------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
4.7.1 Simple Derivation---------------------------------------------------------- 90
4.7.1.1 Causatives---------------------------------------------------------- 90
4.7.1.2 Adjutative---------------------------------------------------------- 92
4.7.1.3 Reflexives and Passives------------------------------------------ 93
4.7.1.4 Intensive/ Frequentative------------------------------------------ 96
4.7.1.5 Reciprocal---------------------------------------------------------- 96
4.7.2 Complex Verbal Derivation----------------------------------------------- 98
4.7.2.1 Passive Frequentative--------------------------------------------- 98
4.7.2.2 Reciprocal Frequentative----------------------------------------- 99
4.7.2.3 Causative Reciprocal---------------------------------------------- 99
4.7.2.4 Causative Frequentative----------------------------------------- 101
4.7.2.5 Causative of Frequentative Reciprocal------------------------- 101
CHAPTER FIVE-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS--------------------------------------------------------
Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.1 Adjectives------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 104
5.1.1 Inflection----------------------------------------------------------------------- 107
5.1.2 Derivation---------------------------------------------------------------------- 108
5.2 Adverbs--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
5.2.1 Time Adverbs------------------------------------------------------------------ 110
5.2.2 Manner Adverbs--------------------------------------------------------------- 112
5.2.3 Frequency Adverbs------------------------------------------------------------ 113
5.2.4 Place Adverbs------------------------------------------------------------------ 114
5.2.5 Adverbs of Direction---------------------------------------------------------- 114
CHAPTER SIX-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary and Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------116
Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120 |
| Description: | A Thesis
Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies
Addis Ababa University
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/937 |
| Appears in: | Thesis - Linguistics
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