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Addis Ababa University Libraries Electronic Thesis and Dissertations: AAU-ETD! >
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http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4155
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| Title: | Effectiveness of School Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Program: In the case of |
| Authors: | Habtamu, Alemu Jano |
| Advisors: | Feyera Senbeta (PhD) |
| Keywords: | Primary SCHOOL
Education , BGRS |
| Copyright: | May-2011 |
| Date Added: | 30-Nov-2012 |
| Publisher: | AAU |
| Abstract: | School WaSH survey was carried out in the primary schools of Assossa woreda, BGRS, Ethiopia. It
was intended to assess the situation and effectiveness of water supply and sanitation facilities in
schools, hygiene awareness of teachers, hygiene knowledge and practice of students and
outreaching families. The study employed muti-stage sampling method and accordingly, 16 schools
were selected from the Woreda(35% of the schools) for facility situation analysis, and of which
three schools were selected for in-depth study by drawing sampled students from grades 4th, 6th and
8th (10% from each grade). About 64 teachers (20% of teachers in all sampled schools) and 166
students (54.2% of girls) were considered for in-depth survey. Data were collected by
questionnaire, interview, FGD and observation. The data were analyzed by employing statistical
methods and software (SPSS) along with the chi-square test.
More than 56% of the schools did not have access to water within their compound. About 56.3% of
the schools were not able to get water all of the times and 38% of the schools that were using their
water for drinking purpose were getting their water mainly from unprotected sources. Almost all
rural schools (68.7%) were using unprotected water sources (p<0.05). Seventy five percent of the
schools did not make any treatment to their water. The toilet student ratio was 1:98 and 1:101 for
boys and girls respectively, which is above the limit of national standard. The schools did not have
clean toilets (47%), and 33% of schools have toilets that were smelly to the extent that made their
usage difficult. Only 18.4% of children were regularly using latrines for defecation. The main
factors for irregular use of toilets were poor cleanness (53.7%) and long queue (55.1%). More than
62% of schools had no hand washing facilities. Nearly 41% of students were not washing their
hands due to lack of water supplies in their schools, and only 21.7% of boys and 12% of girls were
using school toilets regularly. More than 18% of students faced diarrhoea this year at least once
and 15% of the cases were absent from school at least for one day due to the illness. Despite the
difference in location (urban v rural), students had the same problem at all schools.
Hand washing behavior of students after defecation was poor. The absence of desired behaviors
was steamed from lack of knowledge and facilities/resources to support learned behaviors. Almost
all schools had no maintenance plan for their WSS facilities. Knowledge and attitude of students
were significantly different across school localities (low in rural). At least 58.1%, 26% & 68.4% of
students in Selamber, Hoha No. 4 and Nigat responded respectively that hands should be washed
after defecation, and before eating foods and fruits (p< 0.01). There was a fragile and significantly
varied knowledge & attitude of students among different grade levels towards the cleanness of clear
water and critical times to wash hands.
More than 20% of the sampled students confirmed to eat less food when they caught with diarrhea
(p<0.05). Nearly 96% of students claimed to wash hands with no visible dirt and 31.8% of students
said that clear water is always clean. More than 73% of teachers mentioned that they did not get
any training on school WaSH. The level of attention given by schools and local government for
school WaSH was low. Financial capacity, inter-sector and stakeholder cooperation and
harmonization were also very weak. This study provides baseline information for future
interventions and reveals future research areas in these schools for sanitation and hygiene
education program. The results show that sanitation and hygiene conditions of the schools are in
need of appropriate system, due attention and commitment to ensure effective school WaSH. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4155 |
| Appears in: | Thesis - Eniviroment & Development
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