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Addis Ababa University Libraries Electronic Thesis and Dissertations: AAU-ETD! >
Faculty of Medicine >
Thesis - Medical Microbiology >
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2139
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| Title: | ISOLATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AND POSSIBLE SOURCES OF INFECTIONS AT UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR HOSPITAL, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA |
| Authors: | ASCHALEW, GELAW |
| Advisors: | SOLOMON GEBRE-SELASSIE (MD, M.SC):
PROFESSOR MOGES TIRUNEH (B.SC, M.SC, PHD), |
| Keywords: | Bacterial pathogen,
postoperative surgical site infection
Hospital environments |
| Copyright: | May-2011 |
| Date Added: | 3-May-2012 |
| Abstract: | Background: Hospital environment is a potential reservoir of bacterial pathogens since it houses
both patients with diverse pathogenic microorganisms and a large number of susceptible
individuals. The increased frequency of bacterial pathogens in hospital environment is associated
with a background rise in various types of nosocomial infections. Surgical site infection is one of
the most frequent types of nosocomial infections in developing countries. The infection follows
interference with the skin barrier, and is associated with the intensity of bacterial contamination
of the wound at surgery or later in wards during wound care. Bacterial pathogens isolated from
hospital environments are also known to develop resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. The
emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms in hospital results in difficulty to treat nosocomial
infections.
Objective: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens from hospital
environments & patients with postoperative surgical site infections and assess the antimicrobial
susceptibility patterns of the isolates.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital
from November 2010 - February 2011. In order to address the specified objectives, 220
specimens of pus, nasal, hand and surfaces swabs were collected using sterile cotton tipped
swabs moistened with normal saline. Colony characteristics and Gram’s technique were used to
differentiate the organisms. Biochemical tests were done to confirm the species of the organisms.
Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were done on the isolates using the disk diffusion method.
Result: A total of 268 bacterial pathogens were recovered from all specimens processed in the
study. Most of the isolates, 142(52.9%) were from the environments. The rest, 77(28.8%) and
49(18.3%) were recovered from the health professionals and patients, respectively. The
organisms associated with postoperative surgical site infections were S. aureus 11(22.4%)
followed by Klebsiella species 10(20.4%) and Proteus species 9(18.4%), Escherichia coli
6(12.2%), Enterobacter species and coagulase negative staphylococci each 4(8.2%),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3(6.1%) and Citrobacter species 2(4.1%). Gram negative rods isolated
from different sample sources were deemed highly resistant to ampicillin 72(90%),
cotrimoxazole, 68 (85%), doxycycline, 66 (82.5%), tetracycline, 63(78.8%), chloramphenicol, 48
(60%), nalidixic acid, 46 (57.5%) and gentamicin, 38 (47.5%). S. aureus demonstrated high level
VII
of resistance to nalidixic acid and tetracycline while, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were found to
be relatively effective to all the isolates.
Conclusion: The predominant causes of postoperative surgical site infections were S. aureus,
Klebsiella and proteus species. Medical equipment, environmental surfaces, air and hands of
health personnel were found to be contaminated with various types of bacterial pathogens of
nosocomial importance. It is imperative that all professionals should take an active role in
infection control within their organization and more resources should be provided to encourage
good antibiotic practice and good hygiene in the hospital. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2139 |
| Appears in: | Thesis - Medical Microbiology
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