http://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/506 Search the Channel search http://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/simple-search http://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/3073 Title: The involvement of Adiponectin Type 2 Diabetessystematic review of findings on human <br/> <br/>Authors: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS AND HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF MINOR HIGHWAY DRAINAGE, STRUCTURES <br/> <br/>Abstract: Background: The association of obesity with development of type 2 diabetes may be partly mediated by altered secretion of adipokines by adipose tissue. Greater adiposity down regulates secretion of adiponectin, an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing properties. The strength and consistency of the relation between plasma adiponectin and risk of type 2 diabetes is unclear. Objective: To review prospective studies of the involvement of adiponectin in type 2diabetes. Methods: A review search of the pub med, hinari and Google scholar search engine using different name of adiponectin and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This systemic review included prospective studies with plasma adiponectin levels as the exposure and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Results: Ten prospective studies with a total of 7018 participants and 1343 incident cases of type2 diabetes were included in the review. Higher adiponectin levels were monotonically associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. This inverse association was consistently observed in whites, Middle East Asians, East Asians, Asian Indians, African Americans, Japan Americans and Native Americans and the inverse relationships are not differ by adiponectin assay, method of diabetes ascertainment, duration of followup. Conclusion: Higher adiponectin levels are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes across diverse populations. http://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/3016 Title: Protein and Albumin to Creatinine ratio and their loss in urine associated with Kidney Diseases <br/> <br/>Authors: ALEMAYEHU, MICHAEL <br/> <br/>Abstract: Background: Proteinuria is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease and as a predictor of end organ damage. Appearance of albumin in the urine is one of the first sign of deteriorated kidney function. As the kidney functions decreases, the amount of albumin in the urine increases. So, Albumin: Creatinine ratio and/or Protein: Creatinine ratio on random urine sample provides significant results for quantitating proteinuria against conventional 24-hours sample collection. Objective: - To review and recommend the method(s) for quantitating proteinuria using urinary Albumin: Creatinine ratio and/or Protein: Creatinine ratio on random urine samples vis-a-vis conventional 24-hours urine collection for diagnostic evaluation of Kidney function. Methods: I performed a systematic review of literatures on measurement of Albumin: Creatinine ratio and/or Protein: Creatinine ratio on a random urine compared with the conventional 24- hours urine collection method. Results: Data were extracted from 8 studies which investigating proteinuria in several settings. Patient groups in the studied were primarily those with hypertension, diabetic, preeclampsia or renal disease. Urine Microalbumin: Creatinine ratio, Albumin: Creatinine ratio and Protein: Creatinine ratio vs. 24-hours urine specimen has correlation coefficients (r>0.84, p<0.001) except urinary Microalbumin: Creatinine ratio (r ≈ 0.743) and Sensitivities, specificities for the tests were 83% (ranged 66% to 100%) and 76.5% (ranged 53% to 100%), respectively, whereas positive and negative predictive values were 80.5% (ranged 61% to 100%) and 87.5% (ranged 75% to 100%), respectively. Conclusion: The use of Albumin: Creatinine ratio and/or Protein: Creatinine on a random urine specimen provides significant correlation with conventional method of a 24-hours urine specimen collection. The analysis of the report reviewed has also revealed that, total Protein: Creatinine ratio has better sensitivity as compared to Albumin: Creatinine ratio in quantitating proteinuria. http://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/2450 Title: Serum magnesium level and magnesium supplementation on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: systematic review <br/> <br/>Authors: Sefealem, Assefa Belay <br/> <br/>Abstract: Objective: To assess the association between serum magnesium levels and risk of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on diabetes status. Design: Systemic review Data Sources: By the electronic databases searches journals and retrieved studies published in English language by systematically searching Medline, JCEM, European journals of Clinical Nutrition and American Medical Association from 1992 to Feb 2011 and by manually examining the references of the original articles. Study Selection: includes prospective cohort studies and random case control trials reporting relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for the association between magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Results: Most of the studies included in this review comprising patients of type 2DM showed significantly lower serum magnesium levels compared to the controls. Magnesium supplementation studies also showed resulted in significant improvement in serum levels of Mg, FGL, HDL-C; serum TG levels were found to decrease significantly while plasma cholesterol levels were not affected. Conclusions: Serum magnesium levels were significantly low in type 2 DM compared to the controls group. A direct relationship between the status of Diabetes and Mg levels was also noted. A significant improvement in serum Mg levels, FGL and HDL-C concentration was observed after Mg supplementation. No significant difference in levels of serum cholesterol was noted. Over all the Magnesium supplementation appeared to have improved the insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. http://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/2395 Title: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW ON EFFECTS OF PHYTOESTROGEN ON BREAST CANCER <br/> <br/>Authors: TILAHUN, AYANE <br/> <br/>Abstract: Background: Interest in the physiological role of bioactive compounds present in plants has increased dramatically over the last decade. Of particular interest in relation to human health are the classes of compounds known as the phytoestrogens, which include several groups of nonsteroidal estrogens including isoflavones, lignans and coumestans that are widely distributed within the plant kingdom. Epidemiological studies suggest that diets rich in phytoestrogens, particularly soy and unrefined grain products, may be associated with low risk of breast cancer. Objective: - This review presents the studies published so far by exploring a link between dietary phytoestrogens and breast cancer. Methods: A Medline, PubMed and Google internet search was conducted using the keywords breast cancer, phytoestrogens, soybeans, isoflavones, estrogen, estrogen receptor, coumestrole and lignans. Further articles were obtained by cross-matching references of relevant articles. Results: From the published data we may conclude that overall information about phytoestrogen consumption and breast cancer risk is still scarce: From all prospective studies and the case control studies in Asian populations we get the impression that consumption at young ages (adolescence or earlier) and consumption of high amounts may protect both against pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer. Conclusion: There is no clear evidence that phytoestrogens intake influences the risk of developing breast cancer.