Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) related to nursing profession, is a very common public health problem throughout the world. Nurses working in intensive care units are caring for people that are normally bedridden and helpless who require more assistance with transfers and handling. Therefore they have more ergonomic risks and experience low back pain more frequently. Little is known about the prevalence and associated factors of LBP among nurses working in ICU in our setup and there w...

Background: - Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is one of the most common causes of both maternal and neonatal morbidity. Pre Eclampsia or Eclampsia was a pregnancy specific hypertensive disease with a multi system involvement. It usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestation most often not treated early it advanced to progress eclampsia (convulsive disorder of a pregnancy) it was associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objective: - the objective of this study...

Background: Hospital acquired infections are major public health concerns throughout the world, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and health cost. Hospitals are the main sources for the risk of acquiring infection during health care delivery. There is little evidence concerning the burden of unsafe care in developing countries, where the risk of harm to patients is likely to be greater, due to low infrastructure, technologies, and human resources. Limited researches to speci...

Background: Ethical dilemmas routinely arise at emergency departments in hospital setting. Physicians, patients and patient families are face a problem of choice and decision making become difficult in terms of ethics. There are also numbers of ethical dilemmas in emergency care; because it is different from other department in terms of need of quick intervention to save life, unknown history of patient, scarce resources, family culture and/ or beliefs, and emergency department crowdedness. ...

The Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Training Program (EFETP) started in 2009. The EFETP is an in-service training program in field epidemiology adapted from United States Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program. The EFETP has two main components, 25% a classroom learning and 75% practical attachments or field base components, which contribute the award of the Master degree. During my field base attachment, I conducted on outbreak investigat...

Background: Numerous global initiatives in Africa have focused on clinical laboratory harmonization and standardization, and accreditation. Though accreditation has many advantages and advocated largely, it is still challenging for the laboratories to fulfill all requirements and the criteria of accrediting bodies. So identifying the different challenges faced by the laboratories during the process of accreditation is important for proper planning and action to resolve those challenges. ...

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has significantly reduced the mortality of HIV infected population but, the morbidity attributed to it remained a serious concern. The magnitude and factors associated with Immuno-virologic responses to HAART are less investigated. Objective: To assess Immuno-virologic response and its association with inflammation, Clinical and Socio-demographic factors after at least 12 months of HAART initiation among patients attending Zewditu Mem...

The Ethiopian Field Epidemiology training program started in 2009. Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program is an in-service training program in field epidemiology adapted from United States Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program. The EFETP has two main components, each of which contributes the award of the Master degree (a class-room teaching component and practical attachment or field placement component. During the field ...

Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis is one of the most widespread parasitic infections in tropical and subtropical countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, the recommended strategy to control schistosomiasis is preventive chemotherapy. Though World Health Organization (WHO) recommends praziquantel for the control and treatment of schistosomiasis, Pre-school aged children (PSAC) are excluded from population treatment programs mainly due to paucity of data on response rate. Objective: The aim...

Background: United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) defines Growth Monitoring and Promotion (GMP) is a prevention activity comprised of growth monitoring linked with promotion (usually counseling) that increases awareness about child growth; improves caring practices; increases demand for other services, as needed; and serves as the core activity in an integrated child health and nutrition program, when appropriate. This would help parents keep their young children ...

Background. Blood donation saves millions of lives. Although blood transfusion plays an important role in the supportive care of medical and surgical patients, unsafe transfusion practices also put millions of people at risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). OBJECTIVES: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis among prospective blood donors in National Blood Bank Service. Materials and methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted among volunte...

Background: Pressure ulcer is localized tissue necrosis that commonly develops on a bony prominence areas when soft tissue compressed for prolonged period of time. Critically ill patients are considered to be at greatest risk for pressure ulcer development. So that, nurses are the first line health professionals to provide adequate care. Objectives: To assess knowledge and practice of Adult Intensive care Unit nurses and their barriers towards pressure ulcer prevention and management in sele...

Background: Injuries are extremely important public health problem, in both developed and developing countries. Injuries due to accidents & violence are major public health problem, killing more than 250 000 people in the EU-27 each year and disabling many more. Although injuries are known to be preventable, still it continues to be a widespread health problem. In Ethiopia, despite government efforts to reduce RTAs, injury is increasing at an alarming rate and constitute around half of all su...

Background: Diabetes is a complex, chronic illness requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk-reduction strategies and mainly lifetime patient self-care practice to prevent acute and chronic complications. Globally, more than 400 million adults are estimated currently to have diabetes, and there are above 19 million adults in the Africa Region with diabetes. In Ethiopia more than1.3 million adults have diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess self-care practic...

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatotropic viruses whose primary replication occurs in the liver. A range of extrahepatic manifestations such as arthralgias, thyroiditis and diabetes are linked with HCV infections. Patients with diabetes mellitus are predisposed to develop a spectrum of liver diseases. Objective: To determine the burden of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus and their associated Factors among diabetes patients attending University of Gonda...

Introduction: Vertical transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the primary route of infection among children. Over 90 percent of new infections in infants and young children occur through mother to child transmission. Ethiopia is among the top ten countries in the world with the highest burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections among children. Ethiopia had seen a significant gain in the prevention of mother to child Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission since the start of ...

Introduction: The pain after thyroid surgery is considered of moderate intensity and short duration. Results of previous study shows the opioid consumption is 90% after thyroid surgery. Most randomized controlled trial studies showed significant Reduction in pain intensity and severity of pain in patients for whom BSCPB done when compared to placebo group. There were also significant difference in time to first analgesia request and total analgesia consumption. Objective: To assess post-oper...

Background: Diarrheal disease remains a major public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. The current study was designed to isolate medically important enteric pathogens and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria causing diarrhea in pediatrics for those antibiotics were prescribing in Integrated Management of Childhood illness (IMCI). Methods: Across-sectional study to determine enteric pathogenic microorganisms that cause diarrhea and antimicrobial ...

Background: Enterococci which are part of the normal intestinal flora are opportunistic human pathogens. The two most important species, E.faecalis and E.faecium are among the leading causes of nosocomial infections that may cause severe infections including endocarditis, urinary tract infection, septicemia and wound infections which are often difficult to treat. Their increasing importance is largely due to their resistance to antimicrobials. So the aim this study is to determine the pr...